Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative HPLC chromatograms of diterpene lactones (i.e., andrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, and neoandrographolide) (A) , ethanol (80%) extract (B) and water extract (C) of Andrographis paniculata leaves.

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amount of andrographolide (AP), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP), and neoandrographolide (NAP) in 80% of ethanol (EtOH80) and water extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves analyzed by HPLC.

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol (80%) extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves, andrographolide and allopurinol on serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic-induced rats. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 6). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey. a Significantly different compared to normal group ( p < 0.05). b Not significantly different compared to normal group ( p > 0.05). c Significantly different compared to hyperuricemic group ( p < 0.05). d Not significantly different compared to allopurinol group ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol (80%) extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves, andrographolide and allopurinol on xanthine oxidase activity in rat’s liver.

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol (80%) extract of A. paniculata leaves, andrographolide and allopurinol on protein expressions of renal URAT1 (A) , GLUT9 (B) and OAT1 (C) in hyperuricemic-induced rats obtained from Western blot analysis (D) . Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 6). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey. a Significantly different compared to normal group ( p < 0.05). b Significantly different compared to hyperuricemic group ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viability of human fibroblast-like synoviocyte (HFLS) cells after 27 h of exposure to 80% ethanol (EAP) and water (HAP) extracts of Andrographis paniculata leaves, andrographolide (AP), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP), neoandrographolide (NAP), dexamethasome (DEXA), and 0.5% DMSO. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol (80%) extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves, andrographolide, and indomethacin on swelling rate in MSU-induced inflammation in rat’s knee joint.

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Pharmacology

Article Title: Extracts of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.787125

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of ethanol (80%) extract of Andrographis paniculata leaves and andrographolide on MSU-induced inflammatory mediator secretion in rat’s knee joint synovial fluid: (A) cytokines and (B) prostaglandin E 2 . Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 6). a Significantly different compared to MSU control group ( p < 0.05). b Not significantly different compared to normal control group ( p > 0.05). c Not significantly different compared to indomethacin group ( p > 0.05).

Article Snippet: Andrographolide (AP, 99.7%), 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (DAP, < 99.6%) and neoandrographolide (NAP, ≥ 95%) were HPLC grade and acquired from Chromadex (California, United States).

Techniques: Control

Journal: International journal of antimicrobial agents

Article Title: Antibacterial and antivirulence activities of auranofin against Clostridium difficile

doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.09.018

Figure Lengend Snippet: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, µg/mL) of auranofin and control drugs against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates.

Article Snippet: Auranofin, linezolid (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL), vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology, St. Louis, MO) metronidazole (Beantown Chemical Corporation, Hudson, NH), sodium selenite (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), and fidaxomicin (Apexbio, Houston, TX) were procured from commercial vendors.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

Article Title: Phenotyping antibiotic resistance with single-cell resolution for the detection of heteroresistance

doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.047

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Scheme and optical images of the microfluidic process flow. The process consists of three main parts: (a) droplet generation and encapsulation of bac- teria with antibiotic, (b) pico-injection of alamarBlue into droplets, and (c) the detection of fluorescence from the drops.

Article Snippet: [28] We used ampicillin (Alfa Aesar) as the model antibiotic for Figs. 2–4, norfloxacin (Chem-Impex Int’l Inc.), kanamycin (bioWORLD), and tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich) as model antibiotics for Fig. 5, and ampicillin, norfloxacin, and kanamycin as model antibiotics for Fig. 6.

Techniques: Encapsulation, Injection

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers sequences used in reverse transcription-quantitative PCR.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 expression in SCI. (A) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin staining in the Sham and SCI group on the sagittal plane (scale bar, 1 mm). (B) mRNA expression of S100A1 in the Sham and SCI group examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. (C) The protein expression of S100A1 in the Sham and SCI group was examined using western blot analysis. (D) The expression of S100A1 in the Sham and SCI group was verified using immunofluorescence staining (scale bar, 200 µm). n=5. ***P<0.001 vs. Sham group. SCI, spinal cord injury; Sham, sham-operated.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 expression in LPS-stimulated PC12 cells. (A) S100A1 mRNA expression was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in PC12 cells stimulated with various concentrations of LPS. (B) S100A1 protein expression was detected using western blot analysis in PC12 cells stimulated with various concentrations of LPS. (C) S100A1 protein expression was examined using immunofluorescence staining in PC12 cells stimulated with various concentrations of LPS (scale bar, 50 µm). n=3. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 positively regulates the ERK signaling pathway. (A) S100A1 protein expression after the silencing and overexpression of S100A1 in PC12 cells was detected using western blot analysis. (B) Expression of p-ERK1/2 and total ERK1/2 expression in the Control, LPS, LPS with silencing and S100A1 overexpression groups. n=3. ***P<0.001 vs. Control group. ## P<0.01 vs. LPS group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; si, short interfering; ov, overexpression; NC, negative control; p-, phosphorylated.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression, Western Blot, Control, Negative Control

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 regulates the level of inflammation in PC12 cells through the ERK signaling pathway. (A) The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in the Control, LPS, LPS with S100A1 silencing/overexpression, LPS with S100A1 overexpression and EKR inhibitor groups. (B) The protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were detected using ELISA in the Control, LPS, LPS with S100A1 silencing/overexpression, LPS with S100A1 overexpression and EKR inhibitor groups. n=3. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. Control group. # P<0.05, ## P<0.01, ### P<0.001 vs. LPS group. & P<0.05, && P<0.01 vs. LPS + si-S100A1 group. $ P<0.05, $$ P<0.01 vs. LPS + ov-S100A1 group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ov, overexpression; si, short interfering.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Over Expression, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 regulates the oxidative stress levels of PC12 cells through the ERK signaling pathway. (A and B) ROS levels in the Control, LPS, LPS + S100A1 silencing/overexpression, LPS with S100A1 overexpression and EKR inhibitor groups. (C) mRNA and enzyme activity of CAT in the different groups. (D) mRNA and enzyme activity of MnSOD in the different groups. (E) The protein expression of Nrf2 in differnet groups, n=3. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. Control group. # P<0.05, ## P<0.01, ### P<0.001 vs. LPS group. & P<0.05, && P<0.01, &&& P<0.001 vs. LPS + si-S100A1. $ P<0.05, $$ P<0.01 vs. LPS + ov-S100A1 group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CAT, catalase; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; ov, overexpression; si, short interfering; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Control, Over Expression, Activity Assay, Expressing

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: S100A1 expression is increased in spinal cord injury and promotes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by LPS via ERK signaling

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12917

Figure Lengend Snippet: S100A1 regulates the apoptosis of PC12 cells through the ERK signaling pathway. (A and B) The apoptosis levels in the Control, LPS, LPS with S100A1 silencing/overexpression, LPS with S100A1 overexpression and EKR inhibitor groups. (C and D) The protein levels of Bax, Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the different groups. n=3. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 vs. Control group. # P<0.05, ### P<0.001 vs. LPS group. && P<0.01, &&& P<0.001 vs. LPS + si-S100A1. $ P<0.05, $$ P<0.01, $$$ P<0.001 vs. LPS + ov-S100A1 group. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; ov, overexpression; si, short interfering.

Article Snippet: Normal goat serum (10%; Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) was then used to incubate the sections at room temperature for 30 min. After the primary antibody of S100A1 (1:50; cat. no. 16027-1-AP; ProteinTech Group, Inc.) was used to incubate the sections overnight at 4°C, the fluorescent secondary antibody (1:500; cat. no. ab150113, Abcam) was used to incubate the sections for 1 h at room temperature.

Techniques: Control, Over Expression

Journal: Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Participates in the Myelin Restoration in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Antisense Modulation of HuR and HuD ELAV RNA Binding Protein

doi: 10.1007/s12035-023-03236-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of HuR silencing on myelination in SNI mice. A Silencing of HuR increased MBP, marker of myelin, in spinal cord of SNI mice (one-way ANOVA * p < 0.05 vs dODN ipsi) and lack of effect by HuD silencing. Representative blots are reported. The signal intensity was normalized to that of total protein. B Quantitative analysis of Luxol Fast Blue colorimetric assay and C representative image of spinal cord tissue of dODN, anti-HuR ASO, and anti-HuD ASO (white color corresponds to myelin, scale bar = 100 µm) (one-way ANOVA * p < 0.05 vs dODN ipsi). D Silencing of HuR and HuD did not alter the expression levels of S100 in sciatic nerve (one-way ANOVA, * p < 0.05 vs dODN contra). Representative blots are reported. The signal intensity was normalized to that of total protein. E Representative images of the expression of S100 (red) of ipsilateral side of sciatic nerve in SNI mice. Scale bar = 50 µm. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. Data are the mean of five individual experiments

Article Snippet: Blots were incubated overnight at 4 °C with specific antibodies against IBA1 (1:1000; sc–32725; RRID:AB_667733), HuD (1: 1000; sc–48421; RRID:AB_627766); HuR (1:1000, sc–5261; RRID:AB_627770), MBP (1:1000 sc–271524; RRID:AB_10655672), S100 α/ß (1:500, sc–58839; RRID:AB_2183338), GAP43 (1:500 sc–17790; RRID:AB_627660) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, Santa Cruz, CA), neurofilament H (1:1000 bs–0708R; RRID:AB_10855865) (Bioss, Boston, MA).

Techniques: Marker, Colorimetric Assay, Expressing